What counts as "proof" in theology?

[MineralMan]

5. Religion offers apologetics, not logical arguments.

Again, everything is based on an unprovable initial premise.

So, depending on that unprovable premise, secondary statements are derived and used in further faulty logic.

Your illustration of factional debates about what Jesus supposedly said and meant is a good one. There is no logical conclusion that can be drawn, so different factions come up with different conclusions.

The reality is that nobody knows whether someone supposedly named Jesus supposedly said anything at all about giving up possessions. We don't have any real proof that the man existed, and no proof whatever of that man's godly origins.

Apologetics is the logic of unprovable things.